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A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO WITCHCRAFT AND MAGICK SPELLS

upon unfaithful partners. hestia hestia is the greek goddess of the hearth and home, all family matters and peace within the home. she is a benign, gentle goddess and so can be invoked for matters involving children and pets. juno juno, the wife-sister of jupiter, is the roman queen of the gods, the protectress of women, marriage and childbirth and also wise counsellor. together with jupiter and minerva, the goddess of wisdom, she made up the triumvirate of deities who made decisions about humankind and especially roman affairs. her month, june, is most fortunate for marriage and, like hera, her greek equivalent, her sacred creature is the peacock. she is invoked in sex magick as well as for all matters concerning marriage, children, fidelity and wise counsel. parvati parvati is the benig

rls. sulis sulis, or sulevia, is the celtic goddess of healing and especially of healing waters. her name is derived from the celtic word for the sun and her most famous site is the hot mineral springs that have for at least 10,000 years poured from the ground in bath, in south-west england. from celtic times, perhaps even earlier, the springs became a formal centre of healing. sulis became sulis minerva under the roman occupation and she maintained her role as a healing deity. the significance of the sacred springs continued and edgar, the first king of england, was crowned there in ad 973. in medieval times, the springs were still a focus for healing pilgrimages and in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries bath became a fashionable resort where the wealthy would come to socialise and

wings on the caduceus are for wisdom, guarding against gossip and malicious words as well as illness. among hermes' many patronages were moneylenders and thieves and so he can protect against poverty and trickery, as well as helping you to speak the truth that is in your heart. hermes can also be invoked for all medical and commercial matters, for good fortune of all kinds and for peaceful sleep. minerva minerva is the roman goddess of wisdom, who ruled with jupiter and juno as the triumvirate of justice and wise power. she also controlled commerce and all crafts and is credited with the invention of music. she is often depicted in armour. minerva, whose creature is the owl, can be invoked in employment rituals and for the development of skills, retraining and musical ability as well as fo

riumvirate of justice and wise power. she also controlled commerce and all crafts and is credited with the invention of music. she is often depicted in armour. minerva, whose creature is the owl, can be invoked in employment rituals and for the development of skills, retraining and musical ability as well as for truth and justice. unlike bellona (see page 70) and the warlike gods, both athena and minerva are used in rituals for using legal means or oratory and persuasion, rather than direct action, to overcome injustice. thoth thoth was the ancient egyptian god of the moon, wisdom and learning. he was also god of time, languages, law and mathematical calculations, who invented the calendar and hieroglyphic writing. he is often depicted with the head of an ibis although he was worshipped as

ions and obsessions, so it can also be used for banishing these. jupiter, known as the sky father, was the supreme roman god, ruler of the universe. like zeus, his greek counterpart, jupiter controlled the thunderbolts, which were carried by his eagle, the noblest of the birds. however, he ruled not despotically, but as the chief of a triumvirate of gods: the other two were juno, his consort, and minerva, goddess of wisdom, who made up the feminine principle of deeper, more instinctual wisdom. use the hour of jupiter to profit from an opportunity to upgrade your life. element: air colour: blue/purple crystals: azurite, lapis lazuli, sodalite, turquoise incenses: agrimony, cedar, sandalwood, sage trees: beech, oak herbs and oils: borage, cinquefoil, coltsfoot, hyssop, mistletoe metal: tin j

ALEISTER CROWLEY LIBER 777

cation of left and right eye, ear and nostril. line 15. budge has hands. line 32 bis. the hebrew is alim chayyim, the living gods. col. xxiii. nothing and neither p nor p) and beaten and scattered corpse each denote two different meditations. col. xxxv. agrippa (de occ. phil. tom ii cap xiv) in his orphic scale of the number twelve refers the twelve principle gods of rome to the zodiac: a pallas (minerva) b venus c phoebus d mercury e jupiter f ceres g vulcan h mars i diana j vesta k juno l neptune. crowley included most of these, omitting only jupiter and phoebus. col. xxxvi. the evangelists follow their traditional attribution to the kerubim. godwin gives the apostles thus (he does not state his source: a matthias b thaddeus c simon d john e peter f andew g bartholemew h phillip i james

ALEISTER CROWLEY MAGICK IN THEORY AND PRACTICE

ele, demeter, rhea, here :juno, cybele, saturn, hecate: 4 :poseidon :jupiter: 5 :ares, hades :mars: 6 :iacchus, apollo, adonis :apollo: 7 :aphrodite, nike :venus: 8 :hermes :mercury: 9 :zeus (as air, diana of :diana (as moon: ephesus (as phallic stone: 10 :persephone (adonis, psyche :ceres :11 :zeus :jupiter: 12 :hermes :mercury: 13 :artemis, hecate :diana: 14 :aphrodite :venus: 15 :athena :mars, minerva: 16:(here :venus: 17 :castor& pollux, apollo the :casto& pollux (janus: diviner: 18 :apollo the charioteer :mercury: 19 :demeter (borne by lions :venus (repressing the fire of: vulcan: 20:(attis:(attis) ceres, adonis: 21 :zeus :jupiter (pluto: 22 :themis, minos, aeacus, and :vulcan: rhadamanthus :23 :poseidon :neptune: 24 :ares :mars: 25 :apollo, artemis (hunters :diana (as archer: 26 :pan

ALEISTER CROWLEY MEDITATION

s not the will of the magician, the desire of the lower to reach the higher; but it is that spark of the higher in the magician which wishes to unite the lower with itself. unless therefore the magician be first anointed with this oil, all his work will be wasted and evil. this oil is compounded of four substances. the basis of all is the oil of the olive. the olive is, traditionally, the gift of minerva, the wisdom of god, the logos. in this are dissolved three other oils; oil of myrrh, oil of cinnamon, oil of galangal. the myrrh is attributed to binah, the great mother, who is both the understanding of the magician and that sorrow and compassion which results from the contemplation of the universe. the cinnamon represents tiphereth, the sun- the son, in whom glory and suffering are ident

ALEISTER CROWLEY EQUINOX EQ I 3 2

ich slept the invisible coils of the drowsing serpent of human will. here, on account of its intense darkness, all became to him clear as crystal, in which he could read his own thoughts mirrored in the wavelets of the ever-dancing waters of life. here again existence, as the world mystery, became to him the supreme riddle of the human sphinx; and in his strivings to read it, in his doubts, which minerva -like sprang from his former certainties, he informed within himself the first letter of the name of god, the virgin impregnated by the one idea_ the vision of adonai incarnated in her son. illumined by this one supreme longing which had burnt up his coarser desires, he passed through the next ritual to 234 the illusive foundation of yesod, which in its apparent equilibrium contains a fals

ALICE BAILEY THE LABOURS OF HERCULES

and hercules withdrew and faced the first great gate. then the presiding one, who sat within the council chamber of the lord, spoke to the teacher and bade him call the gods to witness the endeavor and start the new disciple on the way. the teacher called. the gods replied. they came and gave to hercules their gifts and many words of sage advice, knowing the tasks ahead and the perils of the way. minerva handed him a robe, woven by herself, a robe that fitted well, of beauty rare and fine. he put it on, with triumph and with pride; exulting in his youth he had to prove himself, a golden breastplate vulcan forged for hercules, to guard his heart, the source of life and strength. this golden gift was girded on, and, shielded thus, the new disciple felt secure. he had yet to prove his strengt

e words he spoke, we have the proofs of the initiate. and now having reached maturity, having evolved the characteristics necessary for his mission, we read that the gods and goddesses did their utmost to equip him for the work that he had to do. he had received all that the world could give him; now the powers of the soul were conferred upon him, and he had to learn how to use them. we read that minerva gave him a beautiful robe but, as we never read of his wearing it, we can infer that something symbolic is intended. there are many cases- 18- the labours of hercules in history where a robe is given: joseph received a many-colored garment from his father; the mantle of elijah descended upon elisha, and the robe of christ was divided up and quarrelled over by the soldiers at the crucifixio

BLAVATSKY H P ANTHROPOGENESIS

purana iv. 24, 4) this is clear enough. therefore, the flames, whose functions are confused in the exoteric books, and who are called indifferently prajapati, pitris, manus, asuras[[footnote(s* daksha, the "intelligent, the competent "this name generally carries with it the idea of creative power" he is a son of brahma, and of aditi, and agreeably to other versions, a self-born power, which, like minerva, sprang from his father's body. he is the chief of the prajapati- the lords or creators of being. in vishnu purana, parasara says of him "in every kalpa (or manvantara) daksha and the rest are born and are again destroyed" and the rig-veda says that "daksha sprang from aditi and aditi from daksha" a reference to the eternal cyclic re-birth of the same divine essence[[vol. 2, page] 248 the

m bede downwards all the chronologists of the church have differed among themselves, and contradicted each other "the chronology of the hebrew text has been grossly altered, especially in the interval next after the deluge- says whiston (old test, p. 20[[vol. 2, page] 396 the secret doctrine. confessed by himself when speaking of a mysterious tomb of an initiate at sais, in the sacred precinct of minerva. there, he says "behind the chapel. is the tomb of one, whose name i consider it impious to divulge. in the enclosure stand large obelisks and there is a lake near, surrounded with a stone wall formed in a circle. in this lake they perform by night, that person's adventures, which they call mysteries: on these matters, however, though i am accurately acquainted with the particulars of them

eaving the credibility of its doctrines for a moment aside, why should it be less entitled to a hearing, or less instructive as reflecting older opinions, than any other religious work, also a "compilation from old texts" or oral tradition- of the same or even a later age? in such case we should have to reject and call "apocryphal" the kuran- two centuries older, though we know it to have sprung, minerva-like, direct from the brain of the arabian prophet; and we should have to pooh-pooh all the information we can get from the talmud, which, in its present form, was also compiled from older materials, and is not earlier than the ix. century of our era. the curious "bible" of the chaldean adept, and the various criticisms upon it (as in the chwolsohn's translation, are noticed, because it ha

secret doctrine of the oldest schools, the perfect and sacred number of this maha-manvantara of ours. the septenary, or heptad, was sacred indeed to several gods and goddesses; to mars, with his seven attendants, to osiris, whose body was divided into seven and twice seven parts; to apollo (the sun, between his seven planets, and playing the hymn to the seven-rayed on his seven-stringed harp; to minerva, the fatherless and the motherless, and others. cis-himalayan occultism with its sevening, and because of such sevening, must be regarded as the most ancient, the original of all. it is opposed by some fragments left by neo-platonists; and the admirers of the latter, who hardly understand what they defend, say to us "see, your forerunners believed only in triple man, composed of[[footnote(

se mammals, to pass through the primitive stages of procreation as above described. his mode of procreation was already established on earth when he appeared. in this case, we may reply: since to this day not the remotest sign of a link between man and the animal has yet been found, then (if the occultist doctrine is to be repudiated) he must have sprung miraculously in nature, like a fully armed minerva from jupiter's brain. and in such case the bible is right, along with other national "revelations" hence the scientific scorn, so freely lavished by the author of "a modern[[footnote(s* theosophists will remember that, according to occult teaching, cyclic pralayas so-called are but obscurations, during which periods nature, i.e, everything visible and invisible on a resting planet- remains

BLAVATSKY H P COSMOGENESIS

secret name of the fifth buddha, and the kalki avatar of the brahmins- the last messiah who will come at the culmination of the great cycle. it is also the initial letter of the greek metis or divine wisdom; of mimra, the "word" or logos; and of mithras (the mihr, the monad, mystery. all these are born in, and from, the great deep, and are the sons of maya- the mother; in egypt, mouth, in greece minerva (divine wisdom, mary, or miriam, myrrha, etc; of the mother of the christian logos, and of maya, the mother of buddha. madhava and madhavi are the titles of the most important gods and goddesses of the hindu pantheon. finally, mandala is in[[vol. 1, page] 385 the egyptian lotus. sanskrit "a circle" or an orb (the ten divisions of the rig veda. the most sacred names in india begin with this

egarded as a sexless potency to be well studied, because it was to be dreaded. with the initiated aryans, khaldii, greeks and romans, soma, sin, artemis soteira (the hermaphrodite apollo, whose attribute is the lyre, and the bearded diana of the bow and arrow, deus lunus, and especially osiris-lunus and thot-lunus* were the occult potencies of the moon. but whether male or female, whether thot or minerva, soma or astoreth, the moon is the occult mystery of mysteries, and more a symbol of evil than of good. her seven phases (original, esoteric division) are divided into three astronomical phenomena and four[[footnote(s* the roman catholics are indebted for the idea of consecrating the month of may to the virgin, to the pagan plutarch, who shows that "may is sacred to maia[[maia) or vesta (a

ess has the following legend inscribed on her throne "the divine mother and lady, or queen of heaven; also "the morning star" and the "light of the sea (stella matutina and lux maris. all the lunar goddesses had a dual aspect- one divine, the other infernal. all were the virgin mothers of an immaculately born son- the sun. raoul rochetti shows the moon-goddess of the athenians- pallas, or cybele, minerva, or again diana- holding her child-son on the lap, invoked in her festivals as[[monogenes theou "the one mother of god" sitting on a lion, and surrounded by twelve personages; in whom the occultist recognises the twelve great gods, and the pious christian orientalist the apostles, or rather the grecian pagan prophecy thereof. they are both right, for the immaculate goddess of the latin chu

s divine. if in our (christian) revelation (l'apocalypse, mary, clothed with the sun and having the moon under her feet, has nothing more in common with the humble servant of nazareth (sic, it is because she has now become the greatest of theological and cosmological powers in our universe (archaeol. de la vierge, pp. 116 and 119, and by the marquis de mirville. verily so, since pindar's hymns to minerva (p. 19 "who sits at the right hand of her father jupiter, and who is more powerful than all the other (angels or) gods" are likewise applied to the virgin. it is st. bernard, who, quoted by cornelius a lapide, is made to address the virgin mary in this wise "the sun-christ lives in thee and thou livest in him (sermon on the holy virgin. again the virgin is admitted to be the moon by the sa

BOOK T

i. the princess of the rushing winds; the lotus of the palace of air book t page 8 of 26 http//www.private.org.il/gd/book-t.html 13/10/2002 knave of swords an amazon figure with waving hair, slighter than the rose of the palace of fire. her attire is similar. the feet seem springy, giving the idea of swiftness. weight changing from one foot to another and body swinging around. she is a mixture of minerva and diana: her mantle resembles the aegis of minerva. she wears as a crest the head of the medusa with serpent hair. she holds a sword in one hand; and the other rests upon a small silver altar with grey smoke (no fire) ascending from it. beneath her feet are white clouds. wisdom, strength, acuteness; subtlety in material things: grace and dexterity. if ill dignified, she is frivolous and

CASSANDRA EASON A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO WITCHCRAFT AND MAGIC

upon unfaithful partners. hestia hestia is the greek goddess of the hearth and home, all family matters and peace within the home. she is a benign, gentle goddess and so can be invoked for matters involving children and pets. juno juno, the wife-sister of jupiter, is the roman queen of the gods, the protectress of women, marriage and childbirth and also wise counsellor. together with jupiter and minerva, the goddess of wisdom, she made up the triumvirate of deities who made decisions about humankind and especially roman affairs. her month, june, is most fortunate for marriage and, like hera, her greek equivalent, her sacred creature is the peacock. she is invoked in sex magick as well as for all matters concerning marriage, children, fidelity and wise counsel. parvati parvati is the benig

rls. sulis sulis, or sulevia, is the celtic goddess of healing and especially of healing waters. her name is derived from the celtic word for the sun and her most famous site is the hot mineral springs that have for at least 10,000 years poured from the ground in bath, in south-west england. from celtic times, perhaps even earlier, the springs became a formal centre of healing. sulis became sulis minerva under the roman occupation and she maintained her role as a healing deity. the significance of the sacred springs continued and edgar, the first king of england, was crowned there in ad 973. in medieval times, the springs were still a focus for healing pilgrimages and in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries bath became a fashionable resort where the wealthy would come to socialise and

wings on the caduceus are for wisdom, guarding against gossip and malicious words as well as illness. among hermes' many patronages were moneylenders and thieves and so he can protect against poverty and trickery, as well as helping you to speak the truth that is in your heart. hermes can also be invoked for all medical and commercial matters, for good fortune of all kinds and for peaceful sleep. minerva minerva is the roman goddess of wisdom, who ruled with jupiter and juno as the triumvirate of justice and wise power. she also controlled commerce and all crafts and is credited with the invention of music. she is often depicted in armour. minerva, whose creature is the owl, can be invoked in employment rituals and for the development of skills, retraining and musical ability as well as fo

riumvirate of justice and wise power. she also controlled commerce and all crafts and is credited with the invention of music. she is often depicted in armour. minerva, whose creature is the owl, can be invoked in employment rituals and for the development of skills, retraining and musical ability as well as for truth and justice. unlike bellona (see page 70) and the warlike gods, both athena and minerva are used in rituals for using legal means or oratory and persuasion, rather than direct action, to overcome injustice. thoth thoth was the ancient egyptian god of the moon, wisdom and learning. he was also god of time, languages, law and mathematical calculations, who invented the calendar and hieroglyphic writing. he is often depicted with the head of an ibis although he was worshipped as

ions and obsessions, so it can also be used for banishing these. jupiter, known as the sky father, was the supreme roman god, ruler of the universe. like zeus, his greek counterpart, jupiter controlled the thunderbolts, which were carried by his eagle, the noblest of the birds. however, he ruled not despotically, but as the chief of a triumvirate of gods: the other two were juno, his consort, and minerva, goddess of wisdom, who made up the feminine principle of deeper, more instinctual wisdom. use the hour of jupiter to profit from an opportunity to upgrade your life. element: air colour: blue/purple crystals: azurite, lapis lazuli, sodalite, turquoise incenses: agrimony, cedar, sandalwood, sage trees: beech, oak herbs and oils: borage, cinquefoil, coltsfoot, hyssop, mistletoe metal: tin j

DAVID ICKE CHILDREN OF THE MATRIX

ciated with mountains. hills overlooking springs were the most sacred places in britain for the goddess sul, places like glastonbury tor and bath. overlooking bath, for example, is solsbury hill, and salisbury in wiltshire is another important sun goddess site and the location of a famous cathedral much beloved of prince charles. when the romans came to britain they worshipped this goddess as sol minerva. her symbol was an owl- the symbol of the rituals at bohemian grove in northern california. the road system around the congress building in washington dc is also shaped unmistakably as an owl (see the biggest secret. the lion became the symbol of the "male" sun when the open became hidden, but once again the lion had more commonly symbolised the goddess. the mother goddess hathor was depic

DAVID ICKE THE BIGGEST SECRET

ile-aryan secret societies the term, mother of god, is symbolic ofisis, the virgin mother of the egyptian son of god, horus, and the wife of the sun god,osiris, in egyptian legend. isis, in turn, is another name for queen semiramis, as innimrod-semiramis-tammuz. isis/semiramis is also known by a stream of other namesin the various regions, cultures and countries. these include barati, diana, rhea,minerva, aphrodite, v enus, hecate, juno, ceres, luna and many, many others. it is saidthat they are symbolic of the moon, the female energy in its various forms. theheadquarters of the grand mother lodge of english freemasonry (grand mother =semiramis/isis) is based in great queen street in london (great queen= semiramis/isis. in the end all the names were inspired by ninkharsag, the anunnaki mot

hood name was chevalier.37 he was a significant factor in the spread offreemasonry and he is particularly remembered in freemasonic circles for two versionsof the same speech he made in december 1736 and march 1737. it became known asramseys oration and in it he charted some of the history of freemasonry. he confirmedthat it was derived from the mystery schools of antiquity which worshipped diana,minerva and isis (semiramis. he said that freemasonry had its origins in the holy landat the time of the crusades (the knights templar) and did not originate with stonemasons. ramsey said that our order (the templars) had formed an intimate union with173the knights of st john of jerusalem (malta) and from that time: our lodges took thename of lodges of st john.38 in france, freemasonry, with ramse

DION FORTUNE MYSTICAL QABALA

hield charged with the union jack, a lion at her feet, a trident in her hand, a helmet on her head, and the sea in the back ground. analysing this figure as we would a qabalistic symbol, we realise that these individual symbols in the complex glyph have each a significance. the various crosses which make up the union jack refer to the four races united in the united kingdom. the helmet is that of minerva, the trident is that of neptune; the lion would need a chapter to himself to elucidate his symbolism. in fact, an occult glyph is more akin to a coat of arms than anything else, and the person who builds up a glyph goes to work in the same way as a herald designing a coat of arms. for in heraldry every symbol has its exact meaning, and these are combined into the coat of arms that represen

ation of the child takes place here; in other words, mystical experience gradually builds up a body of images and ideas that are lit up and made visible when illuminations take place. 25. this child aspect of tiphareth is also a very important one to us in such practical work of the mysteries as is concerned with illumination. for we must accept the fact that the child-christ does not spring like minerva, full-armed from the head of god the father, but starts as a small thing, humbly laid among the beasts and not even housed in the? i1?n with the humans. the first glimpses of mystical experience must perforce be very limited because we have not had time to build up through experience a body of images and ideas that shall serve to represent them. these can only be got together with mystical

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF OCCULTISM AND PARAPSYCHOLOGY VOL 1

master, so flatteringly that the god gave him a golden arrow on which he could ride through the air like a bird. therefore, the greeks called him the aerobate. pythagoras, his pupil, stole this arrow from him and thus accomplished many wonderful feats. abaris foretold the future, pacified storms, banished disease, and lived without eating or drinking. with the bones of pelops, he made a statue of minerva, which he sold to the trojans as a talisman descended from heaven. this was the famous palladium, which protected and rendered impregnable the town wherein it was lodged. abayakoon, cyrus d. f (1912) astrologer born in ceylon (now sri lanka. he was educated by buddhist priests who instructed him in the traditional science of astrology. he also became highly skilled in palmistry and the cur

logy have been quite varied. he was among the first to promote experimental methods of psychical research in italy and conducted experiments on precognition. he also investigated mediums, uncovering numerous tricks they were creating. as a physician, he also experimented in the use of hypnosis for anesthesia as an alternative to drugs. cassoli contributed articles on parapsychological subjects to minerva medica and luce e ombra. in 1971 he participated in the international conference on parapsychology held at st. paul de vence, france. sources: berger, arthur s, and joyce berger. the encyclopedia of parapsychology and psychical research. new york: paragon house, 1991. cassoli, piero. parapsychology in italy today. in parapsychology today: a geographical view. edited by allan angoff and bet

he life of isodorus by damascius, a credulous physician in the age of justinian, wrote of an oracular stone, the boetulum, to which lithomancy was attributed. a physician named eusebius used to carry one of these wonderworking stones about with him. the story is told that one night he had an unexplained impulse to wander out from the city emesa to the summit of a mountain dignified by a temple of minerva. there, as he sat down fatigued by his walk, he saw a globe of fire falling from the sky and a lion standing by it. the lion disappeared, the fire lippares encyclopedia of occultism& parapsychology. 5th ed. 926 was extinguished, and eusebius ran and picked up a boetulum. he asked it to what god it appertained, and it readily answered, to gennaeus, a deity worshiped by the heliopolitae, und

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF OCCULTISM AND PARAPSYCHOLOGY VOL 2

in controlled experiments concerned with psychosomatic aspects of paranormal behavior. however, he was unable to validate the authenticity of physical mediumship. he afterward studied quantitative testing methods. sources: marabini, enrico. il comportamento paranormale in rapporto a stati neuro-endocrini (paranormal behavior in connection with neuro-endocrinological conditions. parapsicologia di minerva medica (november 1957. esperienze di telepatia collectiva eseguite nella citta di bologna (experiments in mass telepathy in bologna. metapsichica 1 (1954. esperienze trienneli di lettura della mano con una sensitiva bolognese: maria guardini (three years of experiments in hand-reading with the sensitive maria guardini of bologna. parapsicologia di minerva medica (june 1957. il metodo scien

a psicosomatics 1, no. 2 (1957. proposta di una modifica al test di stuart per la chiaroveggenza (proposal of a modification of the stuart test for clairvoyance. metapsichica 3 (1954. la psi e stata dimonstrata sperimentalmente (has psi been experimentally demonstrated. bulletin of the italian society for parapsychology (july.december 1959. sogno paragnosico (paragnostic dreams. parapsicologia di minerva medica (june 1957. la telapatia (telepathy. metapsichica 1.4 (1953. una nuova esp? bulletin of the italian society for parapsychology (january.june 1959. maranos a term that generally referred to the secret jews of portugal and spain in the fifteenth century, who converted to christianity when their religion was outlawed, but who continued to practice their religion in the privacy of their

ches and even by throwing powdered pitch into a fire; if it caught quickly, the omen was good. the flame of a torch was good if it formed one point, bad if it divided into two; but three was a better omen than one. sickness for the healthy, and death for the sick, was foreshadowed by the bending of the flame and some frightful disaster by its sudden extinction. the vestal virgins in the temple of minerva at athens were charged to make particular observations on the light perpetually burning there. pyroscopy a branch of pyromancy (divination by fire, based on the burn stains left on a light surface after burning a sheet of paper on it. pyromancy encyclopedia of occultism& parapsychology. 5th ed. 1266 q the q directory british directory published in london of occult, pagan, and new age group

o harbored the spirits of the dead, who came forth as dreams to the souls of men. pliny the elder stated in this matter: trees have a soul since nothing on earth lives without one. they are the temples of spirits and the simple countryside dedicates still a noble tree to some god. the various kinds of trees are sacred to their protecting spirits: the oak to jupiter, the laurel to apollo, olive to minerva, myrtle to venus, white poplar to hercules. these trees therefore partook of the nature of their presiding spirits and it was desirable to bring about communion with their magical influence, as in the spring, when laurel boughs were hung at the doors of the flamens and pontiffs, and in the temple of vesta, where they remained hanging until the following year. trees and their leaves were al

EVERBURNING LAMPS

n a lamp stood in the open air, and neither wind nor rain put it out, and the priests told him it had burned continually for years- see also "licetus" cap. v. herodotus tells us that the egyptians made a special and extensive use of lamps in the religious festivals, and that the temples of king mycerinus had many mysterious ones. strabo, and pausanias in his atticus, narrate that in the temple of minerva polias, at athens, there was a mysterious lamp of gold always burning; it was made by callimachus. the altar of the temple of apollo carneus, at cyrene, was similarly furnished. a like account is given of the great temple of aderbain, in armenia, by said ebn batric. kenealy in his "book of god" calls attention to the name carystios applied to the asbestine wicks of the lamps in ancient gre

FRANCIS A YATES GIORDANO BRUNO AND THE HERMETIC TRADITION

amiliar ones in the corpus hermeticum but one of those preserved by stobaeus in his anthology. this is the treatise known as the kore kosmou* or 1 see above, p. 64. 2 see above, p. 131. 3 spaccio, dial. 3 (dial, ital, p. 780. 4 c.h, iv, pp. 1-22 (stobaeus excerpt xxiii. 215 giordano bruno in england: the hermetic reform "daughter (or virgin) of the world, or, in patrizi's latin translation as the minerva mundi. it is in the form of a dialogue between isis and her son horus in which momus is also one of the speakers. isis begins by describing the creation, an early stage of which was the arrangement of the celestial images on which all things below depend.1 the things of the lower world were then created, but this lower nature was unsatisfactory. god therefore decided to create man, so he c

he gods who attend the reforming council and conduct the reform of the heavens are nowhere listed, but we know who they are from the names of the speakers in the deliberations of the council. summoned by jupiter, the council was attended by apollo, mercury, saturn, mars, venus, diana. these are, of course, the planetary gods, with sol and luna under their olympian names. others present were juno, minerva, neptune, and isis, the latter being a very prominent speaker. in the dedication to sidney, bruno explains that the gods represent "the virtues and powers of the soul",5 and that, since "in every man. there is a world, a universe",6 the reform of the heavens is the reform, or the production, of a personality. jupiter says, in the speech already quoted, that the reform begins in the minds o

6) in paris a long work entitled figuratio aristotelici physici auditus' dedicated to piero del bene, to whom the dialogues about mordente's compass were also dedicated. this aristotelian figuratio is one of the most obscure of all bruno's works and that is saying a great deal. it is a kind of mnemonics; fifteen principles of aristotelian physics are subsumed under images, such as arbor olympica, minerva, thetis, natura or the superior pan, and so on; and these are to be arranged on a diagram, which is certainly not mathematical but "mathesis. it has something of the appearance of the square in which the houses of a horoscope are drawn, but gone mad, and breaking up into all kinds of irregular geometrical figures.2 we have here some sort of combination of classical mnemonics using images o

man with a sickle; has a chariot drawn by stags as in the magic image of saturn used by bruno in the de umbris.5' ibid, pp. 53-4, 60. 2 see above, pp. 7 ff, 23 ff. 3 op. lat, i l l, pp. 63-8* see above, p. 71. 5 op. lat, i l l, pp. 68-73; s e e above, p. 196. 310 giordano bruno in germany among other statues are those of prometheus, vulcan, thetis, sagittarius, mount olympus, coelius, demogorgon, minerva (an important statue for she represents "ecstasy" or a "kind of continuation of human reason with divine or demonic intelligence"1, venus, arrow of cupid (this statue connects with imagery in the eroici furori, and aeon. the order of the series is not an astrological order, but is based on an order of concepts. in this extraordinary work one sees perhaps more clearly than in any of the oth

the infinite need of the soul for infinity. thus, though the university teacher of wittenberg did not write a spaccio or an eroici furori he was intensely cultivating the inner life and the inner imagery which gives those works their power. bruno took an affectionate farewell of the university of wittenberg in an oratio valedictoria.2 he told the assembled doctors that he, unlike paris, had made minerva his choice from among the three goddesses. to see minerva is to become blind, to be wise through her is to be foolish, for she is sophia, wisdom itself, beautiful as the moon, great as the sun, terrible as the marshalled ranks of armies, pure because nothing of defilement can touch her, honourable because the image of goodness itself, powerful because being one she can do all things, kind

king him through these magic memory rooms, but the twelve central "principles" or powers on which the whole scheme centres are interesting because they remind us of the gods in the spaccio della bestia trionfante. the twelve "principles" of the de imaginum compositione, some of which have other principles with them, or in the same "field, are as follows: jupiter, with juno; saturn; mars; mercury; minerva; apollo; aesculapius, with whom are grouped circe, arion, orpheus, sol; luna; venus; cupid; tellus, with ocean, neptune, pluto.1 if these twelve principles are set out in a column, and in a parallel column are listed the gods who are the speakers in the spaccio, the gods who hold the council by which the heaven is reformed, the result is as follows: 1 op. lat, ii (iii, pp. 200-77. 326 gior

ich the heaven is reformed, the result is as follows: 1 op. lat, ii (iii, pp. 200-77. 326 giordano bruno: last published work the twelve principles the gods of of g. bruno's de imaginum, signorum g. bruno's spaccio et idearum compositione, 1591 delta bestia trionfante, 1585 i jupiter (18 images) jupiter juno juno ii saturn (4 images) saturn iii mars (4 images) mars iv mercury (7 images) mercury v minerva (3 images) minerva vi apollo (8 images) apollo vii aesculapius (6 images) with his magicians circe (1 image) circe and medea arion (i image) with his physician orpheus (3 images) aesculapius viii sol (1 image) ix luna (6 images) diana x venus (10 images) venus and cupid xi cupid (2 images) xii tellus (3 images) ceres ocean (1 image) neptune neptune (1 image) thetis pluto (i image) momus is

y be seen by comparing the two lists, there is a marked similarity between the gods of the spaccio and the "principles" of de imaginum compositione. many, indeed most of them, are the same. there is a general similarity, too, in the fact that both lists contain the seven planetary gods and also other non-planetary principles. even these non-planetary principles are somewhat similar in both lists; minerva is in both; if we include with apollo in the spaccio list, circe, medea, aesculapius who support apollo in the council, we have something corresponding to the curious aesculapius group in the de imaginum compositione; if we remember that isis can mean the earth or nature, we have something corresponding to the isis of the spaccio in the tellus group of the other work. one naturally thinks

e have something corresponding to the curious aesculapius group in the de imaginum compositione; if we remember that isis can mean the earth or nature, we have something corresponding to the isis of the spaccio in the tellus group of the other work. one naturally thinks, in connection with these "principles, of the twelve olympian gods whom manilius associates with the signs of the zodiac, namely minerva, venus, apollo, mercury 327 giordano bruno: last published work jupiter, ceres, vulcan, mars, diana, vesta, juno, neptune. it is possible that bruno has these in mind but is, as usual, adapting and altering a conventional scheme to suit his own purposes. the astrological aspect of bruno's "principles" is certainly strong, for the seven which correspond to the seven planets (jupiter, saturn

enacity.2 the evil mars' has reference to religious wars and persecution. and the "grammarian pedants" are represented by the bad side of mercury, whose splendid good sides are eloquence, refining culture, perverted by grammarian pedantry (actually mentioned here) to garrulity, scurrility, sinister rumour, biting vituperation.4 of the non-planetary principles of the de imaginum compositione list, minerva is truth, candour, sincerity5; whilst the last group with tellus at their head represent the philosophy of nature. tellus is nature, maternity, fecundity, generation6 (corresponding to the i sis of natural religion among the gods of the spaccio. though in the de imaginum compositione these remarkable notions are buried beneath the appalling intricacies of a most unattractive, difficult and

GAMBLE ELIZA BURT THE GOD IDEA OF THE ANCIENTS OR SEX IN RELIGION

d experience, juster or more correct ideas came to prevail, and subsequently the great fructifying energy throughout the universe came to be regarded as a dual indivisible force--female and male. this force, or agency, constituted one god, which, as woman's functions in those ages were accounted of more importance than those of man, was oftener worshipped under the form of a female figure. neith, minerva, athene, and cybele, the most important deities of their respective countries, were adored as perceptive wisdom, or light, while ceres and others represented fertility. with the incoming of male dominion and supremacy, however, we observe the desire to annul the importance of the female and to enthrone one all-powerful male god whose chief attributes were power and might. notwithstanding t

handro had created the world; and when told that it would be absurd to say that the sun had created the world, they replied "we do not mean the visible chandro, but an invisible one" not only did dionysos, and all the rest of the gods who in later ages came to be regarded as men, represent the sun, but after the separation of the male and female elements in the originally indivisible god, maut or minerva, demeter, ceres, isis, juno, and others less important in the pagan world were also the sun, or, in other words, they represented the female power throughout the universe which was supposed to reside in the sun. in most groups of babylonian and assyrian divine emblems, there occur two distinct representations of the sun "one being figured with four rays or divisions within the orb, and the

time, the most exalted of the deities, the first of the heavenly gods and goddesses, whose single deity the whole world venerates in many forms, with various rites and various names. the egyptians worship me with proper ceremonies and call me by my true name, queen isis" isis, we are told, is called myrionymus, or goddess with 10,000 names. she is the persian mithra, which is the same as buddha, minerva, venus, and all the rest. faber admits that the female principle was formerly regarded as the soul of the world. he says "isis was the same as neith or minerva; hence the inscription at sais was likewise applied to that goddess. athenagoras informs us that neith or the athene of the greeks was supposed to be wisdom passing and diffusing itself through all things. hence it is manifest that

as influencing the generative processes, is shown by various passages in the avestas. in the khordah avesta, praise is offered to "the moon which contains the seed of cattle, to the only begotten bull, to the bull of many kinds" perhaps the most widely diffused and universally adored representation of the ancient female deity in egypt was the virgin neit or neith, the athene of the greeks and the minerva of the romans. her name signifies "i came from myself" this deity represents not only creative power, but abstract intelligence, wisdom or light. her temple at sais was the largest in egypt. it was open at the top and bore the following inscription "i am all that was and is and is to be; no mortal has lifted up my veil, and the fruit which i brought forth was the sun" she was called also m

she was called also muth, the universal mother. kings were especially honored in the title "son of neith" to express the idea that the female energy in the deity comprehended not alone the power to bring forth, but that it involved all the natural powers, attributes, and possibilities of human nature, it was portrayed by a pure virgin who was also a mother. according to herodotus, the worship of minerva was indigenous in lybia, whence it travelled to egypt and was carried from thence to greece. among the remnants of egyptian mythology, the figure of a mother and child is everywhere observed. it is thought by various writers that the worship of the black virgin and child found its way to italy from egypt. the change noted in the growth of the religious idea by which the male principle assu

that this idea constituted the deity among the ethiopian or early cushite race, the people who doubtless carried civilization to egypt, india, and chaldea, is quite probable. if we bear in mind the fact that the gods of the ancients represented principles and powers, we shall not be surprised to find that muth, neith, or isis, who was creator of the sun, was also the first emanation from the sun. minerva is wisdom--the logos, the word. she is perception, light, etc. at a later stage in the history of religion, all emanations from the deity are males who are "saviors" that the office of the male as a creative agency is dependent on the female, is a fact so patent that for ages the mother principle could not be eliminated from the conception of a deity, and the homage paid to athene or miner

e most learned men have thought that they could see a faint glimmering. indeed, i think i may say something more than a faint glimmering. for all the really valuable moral and philosophical doctrines we possess, dutens has shown to have existed there" from what is known relative to the speculations of an ancient race, the fact is observed that creation was but a re-formation of matter. wisdom, or minerva, formed the earth and the planets; she did not create the heavens and the earth, as did the later jewish god. of the seven principles of the universe, matter was the first, and of the seven principles of man, the physical body was the earliest. through evolutionary processes, or through cyclic periods involving millions of years, mind was developed, and in course of time spirit was finally

observed in the specimens of art found in their tumuli. within the tombs of etruscans buried long prior to the foundation of rome, or the birth of the fine arts in greece, have been found unmistakable evidence of the advanced condition of this people. the exquisite coloring and grouping of the figures on their elegant vases, one of which, on exhibition in the british museum, portrays the birth of minerva, or wisdom, show the delicacy of their taste, the purity of their conceptions, and their true artistic skill. among their mechanical arts, a few specimens of which have been preserved, is the potter's wheel, an invention which, so far as its utility is concerned, is declared to be absolutely perfect--the most complete of all the instruments of the world "it never has been improved and admi

patriarch to sprinkle and to bless them. finally, the great czar put the cup to his lips, humbly and reverently, and then filled it to overflowing with a wealth of golden pieces, for it is the still living representative in the nineteenth century a.c. of 'the golden boat' of hea of the nineteenth century b.c'[77 [77] forlong, rivers of life, vol. ii, p. 95. the symbol of neith or muth, athene or minerva, the great universal female principle of the egyptians, greeks, and romans, was the shield and serpent. in celtic druids i find that nath, the egyptian neith, the "goddess of wisdom and science whose symbol was the shield and serpent, was worshipped among the ancient irish" the male god associated with her was naith, and according to higgins represented "the opposite of neith" in rivers of

nman that in all assyrian mythology the water god hea is associated with life and with a serpent. although rawlinson declares that hea is babylonian rather than assyrian, may she not, in view of the facts concerning her, be not only babylonian, but egyptian, indian, phrygian, mexican, and all the rest? it would seem that in this deity, who is figured in connection with a shield and serpent, as is minerva, and who is worshipped near water- an emblem which is sacred to her--and whose titles correspond exactly to those of neith or cybele, might be traced the remnants of a once universal worship--a worship in which the female energy constituted the creator. although it is declared that "great obscurity surrounds the god hea" no one, i think, whose mind is free from prejudice, and who understan

, the original principle, is sacred, and who is suspiciously connected with noah, the life-principle which appears at the close of a cycle, has changed her sex. this god is now the "ruler of the seas "master of the life-boat (the ark, and "lord of the earth" the earth is his and the fulness thereof. he is the "life giver" the "lord of hosts" who subsequently becomes the maker of heaven and earth. minerva, who had been the first emanation from the deity and the daughter of the great mother of the gods, now has a father but no mother. jove, who in course of time came to be represented as a male creator, brought her forth from his head. later, woman is produced from the side of man. the male principle, symbolized by a serpent, has become "the one only and true god" it is passion--the "healer

lvanic or electric fluid. this masculine element, the manifestation of which is desire, or heat, and which was finally set up as an eternal, self-existent, creative force, or god, was originally regarded as a manifestation of matter, and as having no independent existence. in an earlier age, this so-called creative agency is associated with a force far superior to itself, namely, light or wisdom. minerva, who is the first emanation from the deity "formed" all things. she it is who discriminates all things and gives laws to the universe "she represented to the greeks that spiritual element which lifts knowledge into wisdom, and talent into genius"[97] but with the importance which began to be assumed by man when he began to regard himself as a creator, and when through ignorance and sensual

first woman, hers was the first head the graces crowned, for she received gifts from all the gods, whence she got her name pandora. but moses, a prophet, not a poet-shepherd, shows us the first woman eve having her loins more naturally girt about with leaves than her temples with flowers. pandora then is a myth"[98 [98] tertullian, vol. i, p. 341. woman, who was originally the gift of wisdom, or minerva, and who when created was garlanded with flowers as the crown of creation, became, in course of time, an accursed and wicked thing who must henceforth cover herself with leaves to hide her shame. tertullian, who, with the rest of the early fathers in the christian church, had imbibed the latter doctrine concerning her, could not believe the tradition set forth by hesiod; therefore pandora

e latter doctrine concerning her, could not believe the tradition set forth by hesiod; therefore pandora was a myth, while the corrupted fable, that of eve as the tempter, was accepted as a natural representation of womanhood. when woman was created "all the gods conferred a gifted grace "round her fair brow the lovely-tressed hours a garland twined of spring's purpureal flowers: the whole attire minerva's graceful art disposed, adjusted, form'd to every part"[99 [99] hesiod, works and days. later, however, pandora herself becomes the pourer forth of ills on the head of defenceless man. chapter xi. fire and phallic worship "know, first a spirit with an active flame fills, feeds, and animates the mighty frame; runs through the watery worlds and fields of air, the ponderous earth and depths

hink, proved by various writers. of this higgins says "i think a time may be perceived when it did not exist even among the western nations" this writer states also that it was not always practiced at delphi. mention is made of the fact that among the buddhists, to whom belongs the first book of genesis, no bloody sacrifices were ever offered. it was doubtless under the worship of muth, neith, or minerva, the first emanation from the deity and the original buddha, that the first book of genesis or wisdom was written. in this book may be observed the fact that the slaughter of animals is forbidden. it is thought that with crishna, hercules, and the worshippers of the sun in aries, the sacrifice of human beings and animals began. in the second book of genesis, which is said to be a brahmin w

th a promise to return to the faithful, which promise was sacredly cherished down to the time of the spanish invasion. the mexican mars, huitzilopotchi, was born of a virgin. his mother, a devout person, while at her devotions in the temple saw floating before her a bright colored feather ball, which she seized and placed in her bosom. she soon became pregnant, her offspring being a god, who like minerva appeared full armed with spear and helmet. although the exact manner in which the mexicans sacrificed to their deity to atone for the sins of the people differs somewhat from the modus operandi employed in the christian vicarious atonement, still the likeness existing between them is sufficient to indicate the fact of their common origin and the similar manner of their development. the mex

f the word were not merely the name of a doctrine, seems to have been an appellation taken by several persons, or one person incarnate at several periods, and from this circumstance much confusion has arisen"[172 [172] anacalypsis, book v, p. 201. concerning the religion of an ancient race the following facts have been ascertained, namely: the first of the buddhas or incarnations of the deity was minerva, and her mother, who was the sun, was the mother of all the buddhas. she was mhtis, mubt or mai "the universal genius of nature, who discriminated all things according to their various kinds of species" in the earliest ages she comprehended not only matter but the moving force in the universe. she was the deity which by a very ancient race was represented by the mother idea--perceptive wis

she was the deity which by a very ancient race was represented by the mother idea--perceptive wisdom. she was the sun and the first emanation from the sun. she was the divine word, the logos, the holy ghost which in the time of christ was again by various sects recognized as female. the allegory of the greeks concerning jupiter taking mhtis (wisdom) to wife and from this union with her producing minerva from his head, is seen to be closely connected with the doctrine of buddha (wisdom) or of the rasit of genesis. according to faber, the import of the greek word nous and of the sanscrit menu is precisely the same: each denotes mind or intelligence, and to the latter of them the latin mens is nearly allied "mens, menu, and perhaps our english mind are fundamentally one and the same word" al

th the doctrine of buddha (wisdom) or of the rasit of genesis. according to faber, the import of the greek word nous and of the sanscrit menu is precisely the same: each denotes mind or intelligence, and to the latter of them the latin mens is nearly allied "mens, menu, and perhaps our english mind are fundamentally one and the same word" all these terms in an earlier age meant buddha, wisdom, or minerva. later, with the worship of the sun in aries, appeared a crucified savior. during the earlier ages of crishnaism, the ideas typified by a dying savior were still those pertaining to the processes of nature. matter was still believed to be indestructible and seeming death but a preparation for renewed life, or for birth into another state of existence subsequently this dying sun-god, which

GILBERT THE MAGICAL MASON

tojupiterammon a lamp stood in the open air, and neither windnorrainputitout,and the priests told him ithadburned continually for years. see also licetus, cap. v. herod255 otus tells usthatthe egyptians made a special and extensive use of lamps in the religious festivals, and that the temples of king mycerinushadmany mysterious ones. strabo, and pausaniasinhis atticus, narrate that in thetempleof minerva polias, at athens, there was a mysterious lampofgold always burning; it was made by callimachus.thealtar of the templeofapollo carneus, at cyrene, was similarly furnished. a like account is given ofthegreat temple of aderbain,inarmenia, by said ebn batric. kenealy in hisbook of godcalls attention to the name carystios applied to the asbestine wicks of the lamps in ancient greek temples,and

is attention by means of a mirror. they then tore him to pieces, boiled and roasted his limbs, and began to feed upon them. zeus, noticing the scent, and being incensed at the cruel deed, hurled his thunderbolts at the titans, who had killed his son, born of semele, and sent another son, apollo, the sun-god, to collect and inter the remains.theheart of dionysos had, however, been saved by pallas (minerva, and from it the god was re-born and restored to olympos. from the burnt remains of the titans all mankind was produced byzeusas the demiurgos, the fashioner of this earthworld.thedionysia, at their origin, were concerned with this fable, which refers both to the gods and to men- to human incarnation, sufferings, death, and re-birth, as is learnedly explained by olympiodorus, a neo-platoni

ly explained by olympiodorus, a neo-platonic philosopher of the sixth century. clemens, of alexandria, tells us of the special attributes or symbols which were used- the thyrsus, the pine cone, the golden apples, a wheel, a fleece of wool, the bone of the ankle, and a spotted animal skin.thepanathenaiawere another very important series of religious festivals. they were held in honour of athene255 minerva, the patroness of athens. in this case also there were two stages of reception.thelesser rites were performed every third year, and the greater ones every five years. the lesser festival was chiefly notable for the contests of strength and skill, special dances, and a competition of musicians. in the greater festival there was a grand procession, in which the peplos, or cloak, sacred to mi

he greater ones every five years. the lesser festival was chiefly notable for the contests of strength and skill, special dances, and a competition of musicians. in the greater festival there was a grand procession, in which the peplos, or cloak, sacred to minerva, was carried. it was woven by virgins, of white colour, and embroidered upon it in gold, were designs representing the achievements of minerva and jupiter.kabeiria:a very ancient system of the mysteries existed among the islands of the243geansea, and chieflyat samothrace. this district was inhabited by the pelasgians, a race of indio-284themagical masongermanic type which preceded the greeks.thesamothracians performed the mysteries calledkabeiria,in honour of a group of deities- thekabeiri-consisting ofa x ier os ,axiokersos,axio

a special cake, namedelephos,an essay ontheancient mysteries 285from the word meaning a deer or stag, as related to diana as a huntress, was made for the occasion, and offered to the goddess in worship. there is no record that any secret knowledge was conferred in the elaphebolia.theattic greek festival ofoschophoriais mentioned by plutarch,proclusandsuidas. it was celebrated in honour of athena (minerva, dionysos (bacchus, and ariadne. it was said to have been founded by theseus. it was a vintage festival. two noble youths dressed as girls, led a procession, carrying grapes and vine leaves, and were accompanied by singers and dancers. races were run, and the victors received a cup with fivesorts of contents- wine, honey, cheese, flour and oil. there does not appear to have been any religi

GILBERT THE SORCERER AND HIS APPRENTICE

hedoveiiapollothetripodalimercurytheturtle[i,jupitertheeagletjyceresthebasket'-vulcanthecap with serpent1tlmarsthewolftdianathedogv'svestathelamp=junothepeacock)(neptunethedolphin pairing the opposite signs together we obtain known affinities of the gods and goddesses, thus:"the. name of the forepart of that constellation under the title of 'horus of the solar mountain'.onthetarot trumps83and""minerva a. d vulcan8andttjvenus and man;dandtapollo and.dianaljzlandmercury and vestaandjupiter aj:l.djuno1ij1and)(ceresandneptunethusitmay beremarkedeilpassantistotallydifferenttotheastrological attribution of the. planets bearing the names of certain of tbe deities tothesigns.[officialpublication ofthea-:0:.copiedfrommathers'ms byj.w,brodie-innes;c.1910 .9.note by s.r.m.d.upon the rosicrucian ri

GRIMM JACOB TEUTONIC MYTHOLOGY VOL 3

ry of the priestly procession, and likened it to the jewish idolatry with the golden calf- the extract from burchard, superst. c (conf. pref. to my first ed. p. xxiv) can neither have been derived from the council of ancyra a.d. 314, which has no such passage in print or ms; nor from augustine, though it occurs in the tract, de spiritu et anima cap. 28 (opp. d. bened. antv. 1706. 6, 525) with' et minerva' added after herodiade, for this is a spurious work, yet of so early a date (6th cent, thinks bicuer, zeitschr. f. gesch. rechtsw. 12, 123) that it is but little inferior in value for our purpose. regino too (ed. waschersl. 2, 371, the oldest genuine authority, has prob. drawn from it; then come burchard in the 11th, and ivo (11, 30) and gratian in the 12th century. albortus mag. in summa

early a date (6th cent, thinks bicuer, zeitschr. f. gesch. rechtsw. 12, 123) that it is but little inferior in value for our purpose. regino too (ed. waschersl. 2, 371, the oldest genuine authority, has prob. drawn from it; then come burchard in the 11th, and ivo (11, 30) and gratian in the 12th century. albortus mag. in summa theol. 2, 31 (opp, 18, 180) has' cum diana pag. dea, vel herodiade et minerva' the passage is said to be also in an unpubl. vita damasi papae, and there to refer back to a sj-nod of rome of 367 (soldan p. 75. to me it makes no difference if both ancyran council and roman synod already mention the night-farinrf diana and herodias; for diana, who even to the ancient romans ruled the woods, the chase and the night, must no doubt have appeared to christian converts of t

ll. the artemisia was apparently discovered or revealed by artemis [pliny 25, 36, 25, the prose7'2nnaca by proserpine 27, 12 [104. the irapoiviov was shown by the divine uapoevo'i, as pliny relates, 22, 17 [20 'verna carus pericli atheniensium principi, cum in arce templum aedificaret repsissetque super altitudinem fastigii et inde cecidisset, hac herba dicitur sanatus, monstrata pericli somnio a minerva, quare parthenium vocari coepta est, assignaturque ei deae' of the lappa he says, 24, 18 [116 'medetur et suibus, effossa sine ferro; quidam adjiciunt et fodientem dicere oportere, haec est herba argemon, qiiam minerva reperit, suibus remedium qui de ilia gustaverint' apyefxov= albugo in the eye. hermes pulls out of the ground for odysseus the (jydpfxakov mighty against magic: fjt,a)\v 8e

ISIS UNVEILED

hich the christian bme named the beginning" thus adopting the exo- teric meaning of the word abandoned to the multitudes "hie kabala the oriental as well as the jewish shows that a number of emanatione (the jewish sephiroth) issued from the firat principle, the chi^ c^ which was wiedom. this wisdom is the logos of philo, and michael, the chi^ of the gnostic eons; it is the ormazd of the persians; minerva, goddess of wisdom, of the greeks, who emanated from the head of jupiter; and the second person of the christian trinity. the eariy fathers of the church had not much call to exert their imagination; they found a ready-made doctrine that had existed in every theogoay for thousands of years before the christian era. their trinity is but the trio of sephiroth, the first three kabalistic ligh

JASMUHEEN THE FOOD OF GODS

ce and of relaxed play. protector of women in childbirth, mother of light and independence. some of the roman goddesses. fortuna. goddess of abundance and destiny. flora. goddess of nature and pleasure, teaches us to honor inner and outer growth and the beauty of spring and flowers. venus. goddess of grace and physical and spiritual love, venus guides us through both our calm and stormy emotions. minerva. goddess of knowledge, dawn, war and wisdom. patron of the arts, crafts, guilds and medicine. works with the nature symbols of wisdom, the owl and the serpent. and some of the north american indian goddesses. changing woman. brings abundance and teaches harmonious living and of love, hospitality and generosity. she also brings the wisdom of nature and teaches the honoring of our cycles. a

JENNINGS HARGRAVE ROSICRUCIANS RITES MYSTERIES

gs, so frequent in the sculptures of the egyptians, witnesses to the electric principle. it embodies the transmigration of the indians, the great pyramid. 93 reproduced by pythagoras. pythagoras resided for a long period in egypt, and acquired from the priests the philosophic transition knowledge, which was afterwards doctrine. the globe, disc, or circle of the phoenician astarte, the crescent of minerva, the horns of the egyptian ammon, the deifying of the ox, all have the same meaning. we trace, among the hebrews, the token of the identical mystery in the horns of moses, distinct in the sublime statue by michael angelo in the vatican; as also in the horns of the levitical altar: indeed, the use of the double hieroglyph in continual ways. the volutes of the ionic column, the twin-stars of

nolith. all the obelisks, each often a single stone, of prodigious weight, all the singular, solitary, wonderful pillars and monuments of egypt, as of other lands, are, as it were, only tombstones of the fire! all testify to the great, so darkly hinted secret. in troy was the image of pallas, the myth of knowledge, of the world, of manifestation, of the fire-soul. in athens was pallas- athene, or minerva. in the greek cities, the form of the deity changed variously to bacchus, to hercules, to phoebus- apollo; to the tri-formed minerva, dian, and hecate; to the dusky ceres, or the darker cybele. in the wilds of sarmathia, in the wastes of northern asia, the luminous rays descended from heaven, and, animating the lama, or light-born spoke the same story. the flames of the greeks, the towers

he lion was the emblem of the sun at his summer solstice, 136 the rosicrucians. when he was in his glory, and the bull and the man were the signs of the sun at the equinoxes, and the eagle at the winter solstice. anacalypsis, vol. ii. p. 292. figure 23 is an egyptian bas-relief, of which the ex- fig. 23. planation is the following: a is the egyptian eve trampling the dragon (the goddess neith, or minerva; b, a crocodile; c, gorgon's head; d, hawk (wisdom; e, feathers (soul. the first and strongest conviction which will flash on the mind of every ripe antiquary, whilst surveying the long series of mexican and toltecan monuments preserved in these various works, is the similarity which the ancient monuments of new spain bear to the monumental records of ancient egypt. whilst surveying them

origin of the priestly mitre in all faiths. it was worn by the priest in sacrifice. when worn by a male, it had its crest, comb, or point, set jutting forward; when worn by a female, it bore the same prominent part of the cap in reverse, or on the nape of the neck, as in the instances of the amazon s helmet, displayed in all old sculptures, or that of pallas-athene, as exhibited in the figures of minerva. the peak, pic, or point, of caps or hats (the term cocked hat is a case in point) all refer to the same idea. this point had a sanctifying meaning afterwards attributed to it, when it was called the christa, crista, or crest, which signifies a triumphal top, or tuft. the grenadier cap, and the loose black hussar cap, derive remotely from the same sacred, mithraic, or emblematical bonnet

yrgian cap (classic shepherds. the forms of grenadier caps, and of those worn by pioneers also, are those of the head-covers of the fireworkers or fire-raisers (vulcanists) of an army. 256 the rosicrucians. all the black fur caps militarily called busbies are bohemian, ishmaelitish, heathen, irregular; their origin lies in the magic east. 207 208 209 210 fig. 207. pallas-athene. fig. 208. athene (minerva. fig. 209. jitra, persia. fig. 210. persia. few would suspect the uniform of the hussars to have had a religious origin; both the flaps which depend from their bushy fur caps, and the loose jacket or dolman which hangs from their left shoulder, are mythic. the long triangular flaps, which hang down like a jelly-bag, consist in a double slip of cloth, which, when necessary, folds round the

n sanscrit it is bud ha-gooros, in greek it is putha-goras, in english it is pythagoras; the whole, budha's spiritual teacher. the crista, or crest, or symbolic knob of the phrygian cap or median bonnet, is found also, in a feminine form, in the same mythic head-cover or helmet, for it unites both sexes in its generative idea, being an idol. in the feminine case as obviously in all the statues of minerva or pallas-athene, and in the representations of the amazons, or woman-champions, or warriors, everywhere the cap or helmet has the elongated, rhomboidal, or globed, or salient part in reverse, or dependent on the nape of the neck. this is seen in the illustration of the figure of the armed pallas276 the rosicrucians. athene, among our array of these phallic caps. the whole is deeply mythic

dress and personal appointments. in the temples, and in templar furniture, mythological theosophic hints abound; every curve and every figure, every colour and every boss and point, being significant among the grecian contrivers, and among those from whom they borrowed the egyptians. we may assume that this classic grecian form of the headcover or helmet of the athenian goddess pallas-athene, or minerva, not only originated the well-known grecian mode of arranging women s hair at the back, but that this style is also the far-off, classic progenitor of its clumsy, inelegant imitation, the modern chignon, which is only an abused copy of the antique. in our deduction (as shown in a previous group of illustrations) of the modern military fur caps particularly the grenadier caps of all modern

hes materialism, and the atomic system of the confluence of chance. compare the ananda tantram, c. xvii. with lucretius, lib. iii. according to the immediate object of worship is the particular ceremony, but all the forms (lighter or heavier) require the use of some or all of the five makaras: mansa, matsya* prakriti is inherent maya, because she beguiles all things. as. res. xvii. on the base of minerva's statue at sais, whom the egyptians regarded to be the same as isis, a goddess who bears so striking an analogy to the hind prakriti or nature, there was this inscription, i am everything that was, that is, that is to be. nor has mortal ever been able to discover what i am. plutarch de iside et osiride, s. ix. 350 the rosicrucians. madya, maithuna, and mudra, that is fish, flesh, wine, wo

LIBER 777

d the son (and maker of fine weather) 7 venus messiah, lord of hosts (vide prayer-book, r. kipling &c) 8 mercury god the holy ghost (as comforter and inspirer of scripture, god the healer of plagues 9 diana (as[[terminus, jupiter] god the holy ghost (as incubus) 1010 ceres ecclesia xsti, the virgin mary 11 jupiter[[juno, olus] matthew 12 mercury sardis 13 diana laodicea 14 venus thyatira 15 mars, minerva [the disciples are too indefinite] 16 venus[[hymen. 17 castor and pollux [janus[[hymen. 18 mercury[[lares and penates. 19 venus (repressing the fire of vulcan. 20 [attis, ceres, adonis[[vesta, flora. 21 jupiter [pluto] philadelphia 22 vulcan[[venus, nemesis. 23 neptune[[rhea] john, jesus as hanged man 24 mars[[mors. 25 diana (as archer[[iris. 26 pan, vesta, bacchus. 27 mars pergamos 28 jun

ine 13: add selene who was a personification of the moon as distinct from the goddesses with lunar aspects such as artemis, hekate, etc. similarly helios was a personification of the sun. see betz (ed. the greek magical papyri in translation. col. xxxv. agrippa (de occ. phil. tom ii cap xiv) in his orphic scale of the number twelve refers the twelve principle gods of rome to the zodiac: a pallas (minerva) g vulcan b venus h mars c phoebus i diana d mercury j vesta e jupiter k juno f ceres l neptune. crowley omitted jupiter and phoebus from these for some reason. col. xxxvi. the evangelists follow the traditional attribution to the kerubim. godwin gives the apostles thus (he does not state his source: a matthias b thaddeus c simon d john e peter f andew g bartholemew h phillip i james son o

LIBER LXXVIII

20 j to 20 l. d of d prince and emperor of the sylphs and sylphides. xvi the princess of the rushing winds: the lotus of the palace of air knave of swords an amazon figure with waving hair, slighter than the rose of the palace of fire. her attire is similar. the feet seem springy, giving the idea of swiftness. weight changing from one foot to another and body swinging around. she is a mixture of minerva and diana: her mantle resembles the agis of minerva. she wears 20 liber lxxviii as a crest the head of the medusa with serpent hair. she holds a sword in one hand; and the other rests upon a small silver altar with grey smoke (no fire) ascending from it. beneath her feet are white clouds. wisdom, strength, acuteness; subtlety in material things: grace and dexterity. if ill dignified, she i

MANLY P HALL THE SECRET TEACHINGS OF ALL AGES

t the zodiacal powers distorted by their involvement in the material world. thus bacchus represents the sun who is dismembered by the signs of the zodiac and from whose body the universe is formed. when the terrestrial forms were created from the various parts of his body the sense of wholeness was lost and the sense of separateness established. the heart of bacchus, which was saved by pallas, or minerva, was lifted out of the four elements symbolized by his dismembered body and placed in the ether. the heart of bacchus is the immortal center of the rational soul. after the rational soul had been distributed throughout creation and the nature of man, the bacchic mysteries were instituted for the purpose of disentangling it from the irrational titanic nature. this disentanglement was the pr

iacal constellations. above the arch of the heavens (saturn) is the dwelling place of the different powers controlling the universe. the supreme council of the gods is composed of twelve deities--six male and six female--which correspond to the positive and negative signs of the zodiac. the six gods are jupiter, vulcan, apollo, mars, neptune, and mercury; the six goddesses are juno, ceres, vesta, minerva, venus, and diana. jupiter rides his eagle as the symbol of his sovereignty over the world, and juno is seated upon a peacock, the proper symbol of her haughtiness and glory. p. 34 oath of loyalty upon the sacred inscription. here also the kings donned azure robes and sat in judgment. at daybreak they wrote their sentences upon a golden tablet: and deposited them with their robes as memori

goddesses. i, who rule by my nod the luminous summits of the heavens, the salubrious breezes of the sea, and the deplorable silences of the realms beneath, and whose one divinity the whole orb of the earth venerates under a manifold form, by different rites and a variety of appellations. hence the primogenial phrygians call me pessinuntica, the mother of the gods, the attic aborigines, cecropian minerva; the floating cyprians, paphian venus; the arrow-bearing cretans, diana dictynna; the three-tongued sicilians, stygian proserpine; and the eleusinians, the ancient goddess ceres. some also call me juno, others bellona, others hecate, and others rhamnusia. and those who are illuminated by the incipient rays of that divinity the sun, when he rises, viz. the ethiopians, the arii, and the egyp

zed by virgil in his neid. the lamp was placed at the head of the body and had burned with a steady glow for more than 2,000 years. in a.d. 1550 on the island of nesis, in the bay of naples, a magnificent marble vault was opened in which was found a lamp still alight which had been placed there before the beginning of the christian era. pausanias described a beautiful golden lamp in the temple of minerva which burned steadily for a year without refueling or having the wick trimmed. the ceremony of filling the lamp took place annually, and time was measured by the ceremony. according to the fama fraternitatis, the crypt of christian rosencreutz when opened 120 years after his death was found to be brilliantly illuminated by a perpetual lamp suspended from the ceiling. numa pompilius, king o

es of mysterious hints and promises. here and there among the literary products of early writers are found enigmatic statements which they made no effort: to interpret. the following example is quoted from plutarch "the pythagoreans indeed go farther than this, and honour even numbers and geometrical diagrams with the names and titles of the gods. thus they call the equilateral triangle head-born minerva and tritogenia, because it may be equally divided by three perpendiculars drawn from each of the angles. so the unit they term apollo, as to the number two they have affixed the name of strife and audaciousness, and to that of three, justice. for, as doing an injury is an extreme on the one side, and suffering one is an extreme on the on the one side, and suffering in the middle between th

that the relationship which pythagoras established between the geometrical solids and the gods was the result of images the great sage had seen in the egyptian temples. albert pike, the great masonic symbolist, admitted that there were many points concerning which he could secure no reliable information. in his symbolism, for the 32 and 33, he wrote "i do not understand why the 7 should be called minerva, or the cube, neptune" further on he added "undoubtedly the names given by the pythagoreans to the different numbers were themselves enigmatical and symbolic-and there is little doubt that in the time of plutarch the meanings these names concealed were lost. pythagoras had succeeded too well in concealing his symbols with a veil that was from the first impenetrable, without his oral explan

lled "worthy of veneration" it was held to be the number of religion, because man is controlled by seven celestial spirits to whom it is proper for him to make offerings. it was called the number of life, because it was believed that human creatures born in the seventh month of embryonic life usually lived, but those born in the eighth month often died. one author called it the motherless virgin, minerva, because it was nor born of a mother but out of the crown, or the head of the father, the monad. keywords of the heptad are fortune, occasion, custody, control, government, judgment, dreams, voices, sounds, and that which leads all things to their end. deities whose attributes were expressed by the heptad were gis, osiris, mars, and cleo (one of the muses. among many ancient nations the he

irst circle portrays the divine antecedents of justice, the second the universal scope of justice, and the third the results of human application of justice. hence, the first circle deals with divine principles, the second circle with mundane affairs, and the third circle with man. on the at the top of the picture sits themis, the presiding spirit of law, and at her feet three other queens--juno, minerva, and venus--their robes ornamented with geometric figures. the axis of law connects the throne, of divine justice above with the throne of human judgment at the bottom of the picture. upon the latter throne is seated a queen with a scepter in her hand, before whom stands the winged goddess nemesis--the angel of judgment. the second circle is divided into three parts by two sets of two hori

itatively constructed on approved principles. it arises from prescription (greek qe atis, from usage, or from nature. from prescription, in the case of hyp thral edifices, open to the sky, in honour of jupiter lightning, the heaven, the sun, or the moon: for these are gods whose semblances and manifestations we behold before our very eyes in the sky when it is cloudless and bright. the temples of minerva, mars, and hercules will be doric, since the virile strength of these gods makes daintiness entirely inappropriate to their houses. in temples to venus, flora, proserpine, spring-water, and the nymphs, the corinthian order will be found to have peculiar significance, because these are delicate divinities and so its rather slender outlines, its flowers, leaves, and ornamental volutes will l

MORALS AND DOGMA

eaking of the reasons why animals were deified in egypt "if i were to explain these reasons, i should be led to the disclosure of those holy matters which i particularly wish to avoid, and which, but from necessity, i should not have discussed at all" so he says "the egyptians have at sais the tomb of a certain personage, whom i do not think myself permitted to specify. it is behind the temple of minerva [the latter, so called by the greeks, was really isis, whose was the often-cited enigmatical inscription "i am what was and is and is to come. no mortal hath yet unveiled me] so again he says "upon this lake are represented by night the accidents which happened to him whom i dare not name. the egyptians call them their mysteries. concerning these, at the same time that i confess myself suf

tory of the different adventures of the principle, light, victor and vanquished by turns, in the combats waged with darkness during each annual period. here we reach the most mysterious part of the ancient initiations, and that most interesting to the mason who laments the death of his grand master khir-om. over it herodotus throws the august veil of mystery and silence. speaking of the temple of minerva, or of that isis who was styled the mother of the sun-god, and whose mysteries were termed _isiac, at sais, he speaks of a tomb in the temple, in the rear of the chapel and against the wall; and says "it is the tomb of a man, whose name respect requires me to conceal. within the temple were great obelisks of stone[_phalli, and a circular lake paved with stones and revetted with a parapet

nicians by sanchoniathon. it was atys the lydian, says lucian, who, having been mutilated, first established the mysteries of rhea, and taught the phrygians, the lydians, and the people of samothrace to celebrate them. rhea, like cybele, was represented drawn by lions, bearing a drum, and crowned with flowers. according to varro, cybele represented the earth. she partook of the characteristics of minerva, venus, the moon, diana, nemesis, and the furies; was clad in precious stones; and her high priest wore a robe of purple and a tiara of gold. the grand feast of the syrian goddess, like that of the mother of the gods at rome, was celebrated at the vernal equinox. precisely at that equinox the mysteries of atys were celebrated, in which the initiates were taught to expect the rewards of a f

was esteemed oracular; and the tripod at delphi was a triple-headed serpent of gold. the portals of all the egyptian temples are decorated with the hierogram of the circle and the serpent. it is also found upon the temple of naki-rustan in persia; on the triumphal arch at pechin, in china; over the gates of the great temple of chaundi teeva, in java; upon the walls of athens; and in the temple of minerva at tegea. the mexican hierogram was formed by the intersecting of two great serpents, which described the circle with their bodies, and had each a human head in its mouth. all the buddhists crosses in ireland had serpents carved upon them. wreaths of snakes are on the columns of the ancient hindu temple at burwah-sangor. among the egyptians, it was a symbol of divine wisdom, when extended

on tether-pins, used for making fast to the ground the cords by which young animals were confined: and as used by shepherds, became a symbol of royalty to the shepherd kings. a cross like a teutonic or maltese one, formed by four curved lines within a circle, is also common on the monuments, and represented the tropics and the colures. the caduceus, borne by hermes or mercury, and also by cybele, minerva, anubis, hercules ogmius the god of the celts, and the personified constellation virgo, was a winged wand, entwined by two serpents. it was originally a simple cross, symbolizing the equator and equinoctial colure, and the four elements proceeding from a common centre. this cross, surmounted by a circle, and that by a crescent, became an emblem of the supreme deity--or of the active power

things; who produced the unit; that, two; two, three; and three, all that is. while the sclavono-vend typifies _his_ trinity by the three heads of the god _triglav; the ancient prussian points to _his_ triune god _perkoun, pikollos, and _potrimpos, deities of light and thunder, of hell and of the earth; the ancient scandinavian to _odin, frea, and _thor; and the old etruscans to tina, talna, and minerva _strength, abundance, and _wisdom. while plato tells us of the _supreme good, the _reason_ or _intellect, and the _soul_ or _spirit; and philo of the _archetype of light _wisdom [s??a, and the _word; the kabalists, of the triads of the sephiroth. while the disciples of simon magus, and the many sects of the gnostics, confuse us with their _eons, emanations, powers, wisdom superior_ and _in

re his own son [hercules, or exempt him from the calamities incidental to humanity. the theban progeny of jove had his share of pain and trial. by vanquishing earthly difficulties he proved his affinity with heaven. his life was a continuous struggle. he fainted before typhon in the desert; and in the commencement of the autumnal season (cum long redit hora noctis, descended under the guidance of minerva to hades. he died; but first applied for initiation to eumolpus, in order to foreshadow that state of religious preparation which should precede the momentous change. even in hades he rescued theseus and removed the stone of ascalaphus, reanimated the bloodless spirits, and dragged into the light of day the monster cerberus, justly reputed invincible because an emblem of time itself; he bu

sity for that. it means in such cases the male, generative, or creative principle or power. it was a common practice with the talmudists to conceal secret meanings and sounds of words by transposing the letters. the reversal of the letters of words was, indeed, anciently common everywhere. thus from _neitha, the name of an egyptian goddess, the greeks, writing backward, formed _athen, the name of minerva. in arabic we have _nahid, a name of the planet venus, which, reversed, gives _dihan, greek, in persian _nihad, nature; which sir william jones writes also nahid. strabo informs us that the armenian name of venus was _anaitis _tien, heaven, in chinese, reversed, is _neit, or _neith, worshipped at _sais_ in egypt. reverse neitha, drop the _i, and add an _e, and we, as before said _athen. mi

_yud-he_ or jah is, and discloses the meaning of much of the obscure language of the kabalah, and is the highest of which the columns jachin and boaz are the symbol "in the image of deity" we are told "god created the man; male and female created he _them" and the writer, symbolizing the divine by the human, then tells us that the woman, at first contained in the man, was taken from his side. so minerva, goddess of wisdom, was born, a woman and in armor, of the brain of jove; isis was the sister before she was the wife of osiris, and within brahm, the source of all, the very god, without sex or name, was developed maya, the mother of all that is. the word is the first and only-begotten of the father; and the awe with which the highest mysteries were regarded has imposed silence in respect

MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS E

and determined that through her instrumentality trouble and misery should be brought into the world. the gods were so charmed with the graceful and artistic creation of hephastus, that they all determined to endow her with some special gift. hermes (mercury) bestowed on her a smooth persuasive tongue, aphrodite gave her beauty and the art of pleasing; the graces made her fascinating, and athene (minerva) gifted her with the possession of feminine accomplishments. she was called pandora, which means all-gifted, having received every attribute necessary to make her charming and irresistible. thus beautifully formed and endowed, this exquisite creature, attired by page 25 the graces, and crowned with flowers by the seasons, was conducted to the house of epimetheus[9] by hermes the messenger

]him. in order, therefore, to avert the possibility of the prediction being fulfilled he swallowed her before any children were born to them. feeling page 31 afterwards violent pains in his head, he sent for hephastus, and ordered him to open it with an axe. his command was obeyed, and out sprang, with a loud and martial shout, a beautiful being, clad in armour from head to foot. this was athene (minerva, goddess of armed resistance and wisdom. themis was the goddess of justice, law, and order. eurynome was one of the oceanides, and the mother of the charites or graces. demeter,[13] the daughter of cronus and rhea, was the goddess of agriculture. mnemosyne, the daughter of uranus and gaa, was the goddess of memory and the mother of the nine muses. leto (latona) was the daughter of coeus an

er on the capitoline hill. she had also a temple on the arx, in which she was worshipped as juno moneta, or the [43]warning goddess. adjacent to this shrine was the public mint.[18] on the 1st of march a grand annual festival, called the matronalia, was celebrated in her honour by all the married women of rome, and this religious institution was accompanied with much solemnity.[19] pallas-athene (minerva. pallas-athene, goddess of wisdom and armed resistance, was a purely greek divinity; that is to say, no other nation possessed a corresponding conception. she was supposed, as already related, to have issued from the head of zeus himself, clad in armour from head to foot. the miraculous advent of this maiden goddess is beautifully described by homer in one of his hymns: snow-capped olympus

in the temple of erectheus, on the acropolis, and is said to have possessed such marvellous vitality, that when the persians burned it after sacking the town it immediately burst forth into new shoots. the principal festival held in honour of this divinity was the panathenaa. the owl, cock, and serpent were the animals sacred to her, and her sacrifices were rams, bulls, and cows. page 48 page 49 minerva. the minerva of the romans was identified with the pallas-athene of the greeks. like her she presides over learning and all useful arts, and is the patroness of the feminine accomplishments of sewing, spinning, weaving &c. schools were under her especial care, and schoolboys, therefore, had holidays during her festivals (the greater quinquatria, when they always brought a gift to their mas

eful arts, and is the patroness of the feminine accomplishments of sewing, spinning, weaving &c. schools were under her especial care, and schoolboys, therefore, had holidays during her festivals (the greater quinquatria, when they always brought a gift to their master, called the minerval. it is worthy of notice that the only three divinities [48]worshipped in the capitol were jupiter, juno, and minerva, and in their joint honour the ludi maximi or great games were held. themis. themis, who has already been alluded to as the wife of zeus, was the daughter of cronus and rhea, and personified those divine laws of justice and order by means of which the well-being and morality of communities are regulated. she presided over the assemblies of the people and the laws of hospitality. to her was

NAUDON PAUL THE SECRET HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY

sylvanus, god of woods, for the dendrophori, or wood carvers. in other cases it might choose a deceased emperor or even a foreign deity. we know that the romans often adopted the gods of other peoples. we can surmise what deity the roman tignarii, or carpenters, chose for themselves by looking at a stone discovered in 1725 in chichester, england, that bears the dedication (52 a.d) of a temple to minerva, goddess of wisdom, and neptune, god of the sea. the latter may well have been invoked both for the protection of the tignarii, who frequently had to cross the channel, and for the construction of boats.10 a similar inscription discovered in nice-cimiez shows the lapidarii making a vow to hercules, their tutelary deity* it is also likely that the worship of roman builders had experienced t

PHILIP NEIL MYTHS LEGENDS EXPLAINED

r their home was conceived of as a heaven in the skies. from olympus, the gods loved, quarrelled, watched the world, and helped and hindered mortals according to their whims. presided over by zeus (roman jupiter, ruler of heaven and earth, there were many gods and immortals of whom 12 are usually regarded as the most important: aphrodite (venus, apollo (apollo, ares (mars, artemis (diana, athena (minerva, demeter (ceres, dionysus (bacchus, hephaestus (vulcan, hera (juno, hermes (mercury, hestia (vesta, and poseidon (neptune. hades (pluto, zeus brother, ruled the underworld. these olympian gods succeeded earlier generations of gods. gaia (mother earth) was the first goddess, and bore the race of titans by her son uranus. the titans, led by cronos (saturn, seized power from uranus; and in tu

ar (or box) never to be opened. but the enmity between zeus and prometheus jeopardized paradise. when zeus created pandora (see p. 25, she opened the jar and paradise was destroyed. the myth of prometheus by piero di cosimo (1461/62 1521) this painting depicts several stories from the myth of prometheus; the creation of man (assisted by epimetheus; the theft of fire from heaven, helped by athena (minerva; and there are references to the later story of pandora s box. humankind the first human race lasted until zeus decided to send a great flood to destroy it. the only survivors were deucalion (prometheus son) and his wife pyrrha (daughter of epimetheus and pandora. zeus then offered them any gift they desired, so they asked for more people. each stone they threw over their shoulders became

ught it down to earth in a fennel stalk; the origin of the olympic torch. prometheus fennel stalk athena pandora s box pandora, the first mortal woman, was created by several gods, on zeus orders, to wreak havoc after prometheus stole fire from heaven. hephaestus (vulcan) shaped her; aphrodite (venus) gave her beauty; helios taught her to sing; hermes (mercury) to flatter and deceive; and athena (minerva) clothed her. although prometheus told epimetheus to refuse any gifts from zeus, he accepted pandora and married her. as intended, she brought chaos, opening a forbidden jar and releasing all the ills of the world that had been shut away. only blind hope remained pandora coaxed it out to comfort humankind. aphrodite and ares 26 aphrodite and ares aphrodite (roman venus, the goddess of love

hes, his deception was discovered and the nymphs tore him to pieces. river god daphne s father listens to her desperate pleas and saves her. the oar and the overturned water urn are traditional symbols of a river god. spiteful child eros, the cause of apollo s unhappy love affair, hides from the god behind daphne. he is sometimes punished for his deeds, particularly by artemis (diana) and athena (minerva) who both represent chastity. daphne was one of artemis retinue of nymphs (see pp. 36 37. arrows it was apollo s role as the archer god that led him to be identified with the sun, whose rays fall like arrows to earth, and earned him the name phoebus, the bright. the laurel was sacred to apollo as a result of his love for daphne. at his shrine at delphi, his high priestess, pythia, chewed a

d his daughter hygeia. asclepius asclepius was the son of apollo and the nymph coronis. but coronis took a human lover, ischys, and, in a fit of anger, apollo killed her. he soon repented and told hermes (mercury) to rescue his unborn child from her womb. apollo then entrusted the child, asclepius, to cheiron (see box, who educated him, and he grew up to be the god of health and medicine. athena (minerva, also helped him by giving him two vials of blood from the medusa blood from her left side raised the dead; blood from the right caused death. when asclepius raised hippolytus, theseus dead son (see p. 57, hades (pluto) the god of the underworld complained to zeus, who felled asclepius with a thunderbolt. apollo retaliated and killed the cyclopes (see p. 64) who had made the thunderbolt. z

a turban. only his barber knew the truth. at last the burden of secrecy was too much to bear, and the barber went to a lonely spot, dug a hole in the ground, and whispered the king s secret into the ground. next year, reeds grew there, and when they were stirred by the wind they whispered, king midas has ass s ears. when midas knew his secret was out, he killed himself. athena the goddess athena (minerva) stands next to aphrodite, the goddess of love. athena s presence may be a confusion on the artist s part with the story of marsyas (see opposite, or simply a reference to that other famous musical competition between apollo and a rival. goat s horns ass s ears king midas 41 mountain god tmolus, called to judge the relative merits of the music of pan and apollo, was the incarnated spirit o

te, who adopted minos as his heir. perseus and andromeda 46 perseus and andromeda perseus was the son of zeus (roman jupiter) and dana (see pp. 44 45, who was sent in search of the gorgon medusa s head by polydectes, dana s unwanted suitor. the three gorgons were sometimes beautiful, but always terrifying, serpent-haired creatures who turned people to stone with a single glance. helped by athena (minerva) and hermes (mercury, perseus managed to cut off medusa s head and put it in a bag. flying home, aided by hermes winged sandals, he came upon andromeda, a beautiful ethiopian princess, chained to a rock and left as a living sacrifice for a sea monster to assuage the anger of the sea god poseidon (neptune. perseus fell in love, killed the monster, and married andromeda. on his return, polyd

who was usurped by his half-brother pelias, was brought up by the centaur cheiron (see p. 39. when he grew up, he went to his uncle s court to press his claim to the throne. pelias, warned to beware a claimant wearing one sandal (as jason did, see left, agreed to name him as his heir if he fetched him the golden fleece belonging to ae tes, the cruel king of colchis. with the help of athena (roman minerva) he built a ship, the argo, and and gathered a crew of 50 or so, the argonauts, which included many of cheiron s ex-pupils. he then sailed to colchis, where ae tes daughter, the witch medea, fell in love with him and helped him to steal the fleece and escape. returning home, medea murdered pelias, but strangely jason did not claim the throne. instead the couple lived in corinth for ten yea

her young brother, whose pieces she will scatter into the sea to delay her father. defending the ship when he reached the argo with his prize, jason instructed his crew to set sail immediately. half the crew were to row for all they were worth, two to a bench, and the other half to protect the rowers. the two parties took turns. passionate love medea loved jason because hera and athena (juno and minerva, whose favor he had gained, arranged with aphrodite (venus) and eros (cupid) for her to fall in love with him. as a result, medea was consumed with such passion for jason that she betrayed her own father and used her magic for both good and ill, to help jason in his task. matchless crew the crew of the argo probably consisted originally of men of thessaly, but became enlarged over time by

ng the black sails on the horizon, threw himself into the sea, now called the aegean in his memory. the fall of icarus (detail, by carlo saraceni c. 1580/85 1620 phaedra theseus later marries ariadne s sister phaedra, who falls in love with hippolytus, theseus s son by the amazon hippolyta. daedalus and icarus daedalus was an athenian inventor who had been taught his skills by the goddess athena (minerva) herself. however, he was eclipsed by his nephew talos who, while still a youth, invented the saw, the potter s wheel, and the compasses. jealous of him, daedalus threw talos off the roof of athena s temple and killed him. for this, he was banished and took refuge at the court of king minos, where he had a son, icarus, by a slave girl. after theseus slew the minotaur, minos shut daedalus a

when making sacrifices to the gods. she doomed them to be twice-married and thrice-married and bring shame upon the marriage bed. clytemnestra clytemnestra, helen s twin sister, was first married to tantalus of pisa, and then forcibly married to menelaus brother agamemnon (see above. castor a myth in tapestry t he story of leda and the swan was woven in tapestry by arachne, who challenged athena (minerva) herself to a weaving competition. while the goddess wove stories of the fates of presumptuous mortals, arachne wove those of divine scandals, including zeus rapes of leda, dana, and europa (see pp. 44-45. although arachne s work equaled her own, athena destroyed it, and drove arachne to hang herself from shame. at the last moment, the goddess took pity and cut her down, allowing her to li

troy was burning. hecuba s fearful dream was interpreted to mean that paris would bring about the fall of troy. therefore, a shepherd was sent to expose him on mount ida. but five days later, the shepherd found the child unharmed, suckled by a she-bear, so he adopted him. one day, while caring for his adoptive father s flocks, paris was visited by hermes (mercury) and the three goddesses, athena (minerva, hera (juno, and aphrodite (venus. hermes asked him to decide which goddess was the most beautiful an impossible choice and to award her a golden apple. paris chose aphrodite because she promised to give him helen, wife of king menelaus of sparta, the most beautiful woman in the world. his decision set in motion the events that led to the abduction of helen and the start of the ten-year tr

w odysseus off course, wrecked his ships, and ultimately killed his entire crew. in his travels, odysseus indulged in two romantic interludes on the way the first with circe, an enchantress who had turned his crew into pigs, and the second with the sea nymph calypso, with whom he stayed for seven years before his longing for his home and wife moved the gods to pity. unbeknown to poseidon, athena (minerva) and the other gods helped odysseus build a raft and sail for home; but when poseidon discovered this he was enraged and wrecked the ship. odysseus was washed ashore where he was discovered by nausicaa, daughter of alcinous, king of the phaeacians, who at the cost of himself provoking poseidon s anger helped odysseus home to ithaca. odysseus and the sirens by herbert james draper (1864-192

dana (mortal) leda (mortal) dione (goddess) themis (titan) mnemosyne (titan) metis (sea nymph) semele (mortal) apollo x coronis (nymph) artemis diana hermes mercury m daughter of dryops heracles hercules m hebe perseus m andromeda ares x pan faunus arco asclepius dionysus bacchus aphrodite x anchises helen m menelaus (mortal) x paris clytemnestra m agamemnon castor polydeuces pollux fates athena minerva aeneas eros cupid the nine muses cadmus m harmonia (mortal (goddess) theseus m ariadne m phaedra demeter ceres poseidon neptune x aethra (mortal) hades pluto hestia vesta hera juno m persephone proserpine hebe m heracles hercules ares eileithya mars zeus jupiter aristaeus m autono actaeon gaia x uranus titans giants other sea nymphs cyclopes leto eos helios selene luna epimetheus m pandora

PROMETHEUS

nos. and so thetis was given in marriage to peleus, son of aeacus, and hercules was sent to kill the eagle which was eating out prometheus heart. when it was killed, prometheus after thirty thousand years was freed from mount caucasus. hyginus fabulae 54 prometheus, son of iapetus, first fashioned men from clay. later vulcanus [hephaistos, at jove s [zeus] command, made a woman s form from cla y. minerva [athene] gave it life, and the rest of the gods each gave come other gift. because of this they named her pandora. she was given in marriage to prometheus brother epimetheus. pyrrha was her daughter, and was said to be the first mortal born. hyginus fabulae 142 men in early times sought fire from the gods, and did not know how to keep it alive. later prometheys brought it to earth in a fen

REGARDIE ISRAEL THE COMPLETE GOLDEN DAWN

xvi. princess of the rushing winds. lotus of the palace of air. knave of swords an amazon figure with waving hair, slighter than the rose of the palace of fire (knave of wands. her attire is similar. the feet seem springy, giving the idea of swiftness. weight changing from one foot to another, and body swinging round. she resembles a mixture of minema and diana, her mantle resembles the aegis of minerva. she wears as a crest the head of medusa with serpent hair. she holds a sword in one hand and the other rests upon a small silver altar with grey smoke (no fire) ascending from it. beneath her feet are white cirrus clouds. wisdom, strength, acuteness, subtleness in material things, grace and dexterity. if ill-dignified, she is frivolous and cunning. she rules a quadrant of the heavens arou

RITUEL ET DOGME DE LA HAUTE MAGIE BY ELIPHAS LEVI PART I

different grades of the great work. t signifies triad, theory and travail; r, realization; a, adaptation. in the twelfth chapter of the ritual, we shall give the processes of adaptation in rise among the great masters, especially that which is contained in the hermetic fortress of henry khunrath. we may refer our readers also to an admirable treatise attributed to hermes trismegistus and entitled minerva mundi. it is found only in certain editions of hermes and contains, in allegories full of profundity and poetry, the doctrine of individual self-creation, or the creative law consequent on the harmony between two forces which are termed fixed and volatile by alchemists, and are necessity and liberty in the absolute order. the diversity of the forms which abound in nature is explained, in t

ROBERT KIRK WALKER BETWEEN WORLDS

ad-ition she was midwife to mary and/or foster mother to jesus. we may see echoes of this in the many examples of the theme of the otherworld or fairy child and the human nurse or midwife, though this comparison need not be extended too far. a perpetual fire was kept burning in the temple of vesta in rome, and in the ancient egyptian temple of neith in sais. in britain the ancient temple of sulis minerva had a perpetual fire, which was recorded in the legendary history of the kings commentary 86 of britain by geoffrey of monmouth, a text with which kirk was undoubtedly familiar. in geoffrey's vita merlini we find a detailed description of the otherworld island, known as the fortunate isle, and ruled over by a mysterious priestess or goddess of flight, shapechanging and therapy, with her si

dition. both the twelfth-century merlin texts and perennial oral tradition are rooted in celtic pagan religion. creation of the world elements and circles meanwhile taliesin had come to see merlin the prophet who had sent for him to find out what caused wind or rainstorms, for both together were drawing near and the clouds were thickening. he drew the following illustrations under the guidance of minerva his associate. out of nothing the creator of the world produced four elements that they might be the prior cause as well as the material for creating all things when they were joined together in harmony: the heaven which he adorned with stars and which stands on high and embraces everything like the shells surrounding a nut; then he made the air, fit for forming sounds, through the medium

SCHLAGER NEIL WORLD RELIGIONS REFERENCE LIBRARY

dionysius s myth is much more complex than that of the other olympians. as a child, the story goes, he was torn apart by wild women and spent three years in the underworld. the worship of dionysius played a significant role in the development of greek drama. the romans adopted this pantheon and gave many of them different names. the roman gods were, in the same order, jupiter, juno, venus, mars, minerva, diana, mercury, apollo, vulcan, neptune, vesta, ceres, pluto, and bacchus (in parts of the roman empire, the emperor was also worshipped as a god) these gods, along with many minor deities who came to earth to do the bidding of the gods, controlled the fate of humankind. zeus also appeared in human form, or even in animal form at times, to father children by mortal women. some of his sons

dfasting. david hoffman photo library/ alamy. 382 world religions: almanac neo-paganism throughout history many cultures, including the ancient greeks, romans, and egyptians, worshipped goddesses. the names of some of these goddesses include anat, aphrodite, aradia, arianrhod, artemis, astarte, brigid, ceres, demeter, diana, eostre, freya, gaia, hera, ishtar, isis, juno, kali, lilith, maat, mary, minerva, ostare, persephone, venus, and vesta. some historians of religion would add mary, the mother of jesus christ (c. 6 bce c. 30 ce, to this list because mary has been venerated, or highly respected, by many christians throughout history. in modern times the feminist movement has renewed interest in goddess worship. feminists want equal rights and treatment for women. they believe that wester

SIR EDWARD BULWER LYTTON ZANONI A ROSICRUCIAN TALE

rn to be the lords of the universe, and in no land on earth destined to become the hewers of wood. even the dim traditions of the learned, which bring the sons of hellas from the vast and undetermined territories of northern thrace, to be the victors of the pastoral pelasgi, and the founders of the line of demi-gods; which assign to a population bronzed beneath the suns of the west, the blue-eyed minerva and the yellow-haired achilles (physical characteristics of the north; which introduce, amongst a pastoral people, warlike aristocracies and limited monarchies, the feudalism of the classic time, even these might serve you to trace back the primeval settlements of the hellenes to the same region whence, in later times, the norman warriors broke on the dull and savage hordes of the celt, an

SPENSER THE CULT OF THE ALL SEEING EYE 1960

t has been, that is, or shall be, and none among mortals has hitherto taken off my veil" she was the daughter of saturn and her name meant ancient. she married her brother osiris, and was pregnant by him even before she had left her mother's womb, according to plutarch's account. she and her brother-husband comprehended all nature and all the gods of the heathens. she was the venus of cyprus, the minerva of athens, the cybele of the phrygians, the ceres of eleusis, the proserpine of sicily, the diana of crete, the bellona of the romans &c. and she was the moon and osiris the sun.43 osiris received the same adoration as anubis, bacchus, dionysius, jupiter and pan. in other words, debauched revelries or saturnalias (from saturn, his father) were held in his honor "he visited the greater part

TURNER ROBERT ARBETEL OF MAGICK

according to the word of god; and let him beware of the snares of the evil angel, lest he be involved in the calamities of brute and marcus antonius. to this refer the book of jovianus pontanus of fortune, and his eutichus. the third way is, diligent and hard labor, without which no great thing can be obtained from the divine deity worthy admiration, as it is said, tu nihil invita dices facie sue minerva. nothing canst thou do or say against minerva s will. we do detest all evil magicians, who make themselves associates with the devils with their unlawful superstitions, and do obtain and effect some things which god permitteth to be done, instead of the punishment of the devils. so also they do other evil acts, the devil being the author, as the scripture testifie of judas. to these are re

TWO ESSAYS ON THE WORSHIP OF PRIAPUS

iapus 57 alike in the reverend brahman perfected in knowledge, in the ox, and in the elephant. what peculiar attributes the elephant was meant to express, the ancient writer has not told us; but, as the characteristic properties of this animal are strength and sagacity, we may conclude that his image was intended to represent ideas somewhat similar to those which the greeks represented by that of minerva, who was worshipped as the goddess of force and wisdom, of war and counsel. the indian gonnis is indeed male, and minerva female; but this difference of sexes, however important it may be in a physical, is of very little consequence in metaphysical beings, minerva being, like the other greek deities, either male or female, or both.1 on the medals of the ptolemies, under whom the indian sym

the medals of the ptolemies, under whom the indian symbols became familiar to the greeks through the commerce of alexandria, we find her repeatedly represented with the elephant s skin upon her head, instead of a helmet; and with a countenance between male and female, such as the artist would naturally give her, when he endeavoured to blend the greek and indian symbols, and mould them into one.2 minerva is said by the greek mythologists to have been born without a mother from the head of jupiter, who was delivered of her by the assistance of vulcan. this, in plain language, means no more than that she was a pure emanation of the divine mind, operating by means of the universal agent fire, and not, like others of the allegorical personages, sprung from any of the particular operations of t

perfection of wisdom, all its attributes are the attributes of wisdom, 1 arsin kai qeluj efuj. orph. eij aqen. 2 see plate xiii, fig. 5, engraved from one belonging to me. 3 hoe. lib. i. od. 12. callimach, eij aqen. 58 on the worship under whose direction its power is always exerted. strength and wisdom therefore, when considered as attributes of the deity, are in fact one and the same. the greek minerva is usually represented with the spear uplifted in her hand, in the same manner as the indian gonnis holds the battle-axe.1 both are given to denote the destroying power equally belonging to divine wisdom, as the creative or preserving. the statue of jupiter at labranda in caria held in his hand the battle-axe, instead of thunder; and on the medals of tenedos and thyatira, we find it repres

geeta, note 41. 3 ei apud delph. 4 see k mpfer, chappe d auteroche, sonnerat &c, 5 such as katogkefaloj, katontakoranoj, katogxeiroj &c. of priapus 61 syracuse, marseilles, and many other cities. upon a gem of this sort in the collection of mr. townley, the same ideas which are expressed on the indian pagoda by the distinct figures brahma and gonnis, are expressed by the united heads of ammon and minerva. ammon, as before observed, was the pan of the greeks, and minerva is here evidently the same as the gonnis, being represented after the indian manner, with the elephant's skin on her head, instead of a helmet.1 both these heads appear separate upon different medals of the ptolemies,2 under one of whom this gem was probably engraved, alexandria having been for a long time the great centre

are also, as dr. stukeley justly observed,3 greek modes of representing this winged disc joined with the serpents, as it frequently is, both in the egyptian sculptures, and those of chilmenar in persia. the expressions of rage and violence, which usually characterise the countenance of medusa, signify the destroying attribute joined with the generative, as both were equally under the direction of minerva, or divine wisdom. i am inclined to believe, that the large rings, to which the little figures of priapus are attached,4 had also the same meaning as the disc; for, if intended merely to suspend them by, they are of an extravagant magnitude, and would not answer their purpose so well as a common loop. on the phoenician coin above mentioned, this symbol, the winged disc, is placed over a fi

TYSON DONALD NEW MILLENNIUM MAGIC

e the line of a circle, which has no top or bottom, illustrating that from table of triangle babylonian egyptian hindu creek roman teutonic christian motions colors elements heavens earth speech space anu osiris brahma chaos jupiter woden father linear red fire sun lightning subject up-down ea lsis siva gaea juno frija holy ghost rotary blue water moon rain verb left-right enlil horus vishnu eros minerva donar son vibratory yellow air star wind object front-back a change of perspective any point of the triangle can be made to replace any other. all spring from the unity of the first point, kether, the white head. the child is formed from the equal participation of the male and female, just as any point of the triangle gains its identity by virtue of its relationship with the other two poin

WEOR SAMAEL AUN ESOTERIC COURSE OF KABBLAH

sagradas. los templarios, etc, etc. todas esas fueron escuelas de regeneraci n, en todas ellas se practica el "coitus reservatus. las escuelas de regeneraci n constituyen la cadena de oro de la logia blanca. 80 fire projection the kundalini may be aimed or projected to any chakra or to any distant place. within the cervical vertebrae, the kundalini use to take the shape of a quetzal (the bird of minerva. in the supreme moment of the sacred copulation, we can send this fiery bird to each one of the seven chakras in order to awaken them totally. the two quetzals (one from the man and one from the woman) are nourished with water (the ens seminis) of the well (sex. man and woman can command the quetzal and the fiery bird will obey. the powerful mantra jao ri is the secret clue that grants us

on, etc. imagination there exist two types of imagination: mechanical imagination (fantasies) and conscious imagination (clairvoyance. gnostic students must learn how to use their conscious imagination. proyecci n del fuego el kundalini puede ser proyectado a cualquier chakra o a cualquier lugar distante, en las v rtebras cervicales el kundalini suele tomar la forma del quetzal (esta es el ave de minerva. en el momento supremo de la c pula sagrada podemos enviar el ave de fuego a cada uno de los siete chakras, para despertarlos totalmente. los dos quetzales, del var n y varona se nutren con el agua del pozo (el ens seminis. el hombre y la mujer pueden ordenar al quetzal y el ave de fuego obedecer. el poderoso mantram "jao, ri" es la clave secreta que nos confiere el poder de mandar al quet

WILLIAM WESCOTT NUMBERS THEIR OCCULT POWER AND MYSTIC VIRTUES

welling of the great six# 72. chapter eleven the heptad, s even, 7. numbers--th eir occu lt power an d mys tic vir tu es by w. wyn n wes tcott he heptad, say the followers of pythagoras, was so called form the greek verb sebo, to venerate (and from the hebrew shbo, seven, or satisfied, abundance, being septos, holy, divine, and motherless, and a virgin. from nicomachus we learn that it was called minerva, being unmarried and virginal, begotten neither by a mother, i.e, even number, nor from a father, i.e, odd number. but proceeding from the summit of the father of all things, the monad; even as minerva sprang all armed from the forehead of jove or zeus. hence also obrimopatre, or daughter of a mighty father, and glaucopis, shining-eyed, and ametor and ageleia, she that carries off the spoi

d. just as of the three intervals, length, breadth, and depth, there are four boundaries in corporeal existence point, line superficies and solid. it is called agelia, from agelai, herds, as groups of stars were called by the babylonian sages, over which herds ruled 7 angels. also phylakikos, guardian, because the seven planets direct and guide our universe. 73. also aegis, from pallas athene, or minerva, the bearer of the breastplate or aegis, also telesphoros, leading to the end, because the 7th month is prolific; and judgment, because their physicians looked for a crisis on the 7th day in many diseases. among other curious problems and speculations, the pythagorean philosophers attempted to prove that offspring born at the full term, 9 months, or at 7 months, were viable, i.e. might be

history; melpomene, tragedy; euterpe, music; erato, love, inspiration and pantomime; terpsichore, dancing; urania, astronomy; thalia, comedy and polyhymnia, eloquence. the novensiles are the nine sabine gods: viz. hercules, romulus, aesculapius, bacchus, aeneas, vesta, santa, fortuna and fides. the sabines became merged with the romans about 266 b.c. 90. the nine gods of the etruscans were juno, minerva, tinia, vulcan, mars, saturn, hercules, summanus and vedius; the etruscans also became united with the romans. note in macaulay s poem of horatius, lars porsena of clusium by the nine gods he swore, in 596 b.c. lars porsena led the etruscans; they were then most powerful; from the estrucans the romans took much of their law, custom and superstition. numbers--th eir occu lt power an d mys t

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